Consolidated from the reference lists of the thirty chapters and the Conclusion of The Psychology of Religion. The bracketed numbers after each work locate the chapter or chapters where it is discussed in an annotated entry.
Al-Shamahi, E. (Host). (2025). Human [TV series]. BBC Studios; PBS. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/series/human [Chapter 9]
Alford, J. R., Funk, C. L., & Hibbing, J. R. (2005). Are political orientations genetically transmitted? American Political Science Review, 99(2), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055405051579 [Chapter 11]
Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432–443. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021212 [Chapter 1]
Altemeyer, B. (1996). The authoritarian specter. Harvard University Press. [Chapter 20]
Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism (Rev. ed.). Verso. (Original work published 1983) [Chapter 30]
Armstrong, K. (2000). The battle for God: A history of fundamentalism. Alfred A. Knopf. [Chapter 10]
Aronoff, J., Lynn, S. J., & Malinoski, P. (2000). Are cultic environments psychologically harmful? Clinical Psychology Review, 20(1), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(98)00093-2 [Chapter 29]
Aronson, E., & Mills, J. (1959). The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(2), 177–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047195 [Chapters 14, 16]
Asser, S. M., & Swan, R. (1998). Child fatalities from religion-motivated medical neglect. Pediatrics, 101(4), 625–629. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.101.4.625 [Chapter 6]
Atran, S. (2002). In gods we trust: The evolutionary landscape of religion. Oxford University Press. [Chapter 10]
Atran, S. (2010). Talking to the enemy: Faith, brotherhood, and the (un)making of terrorists. HarperCollins. [Chapter 3]
Attar, F. al-D. (2009). Memorial of God's friends: Lives and sayings of Sufis (P. Losensky, Trans.). Paulist Press. (Original work composed c. 1230) [Chapter 22]
Attenborough, D. (Narrator). (2006). Planet Earth [TV series]. BBC. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Earth_(2006_TV_series) [Chapter 9]
Attenborough, D. (Narrator). (2016). Planet Earth II [TV series]. BBC. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Earth_II [Chapter 9]
Attenborough, D. (Narrator). (2020). David Attenborough: A life on our planet [Film]. Silverback Films; Netflix. https://www.netflix.com/title/80216393 [Chapter 9]
Attenborough, D. (Narrator). (2023). Planet Earth III [TV series]. BBC Studios Natural History Unit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_Earth_III [Chapter 9]
Babies. (2020). [Documentary series]. Netflix. [Chapter 15]
Barker, D. C., & Bearce, D. H. (2013). End-times theology, the shadow of the future, and public resistance to addressing global climate change. Political Research Quarterly, 66(2), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912912442243 [Chapter 23]
Barker, E. (1984). The making of a Moonie: Choice or brainwashing? Blackwell. [Chapter 29]
Barnett, A. G., van der Pols, J. C., & Dobson, A. J. (2005). Regression to the mean: What it is and how to deal with it. International Journal of Epidemiology, 34(1), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh299 [Chapter 6]
Bartkowski, J. P., Xu, X., & Levin, M. L. (2008). Religion and child development: Evidence from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Social Science Research, 37(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2007.02.001 [Chapter 20]
Bellah, R. N. (1967). Civil religion in America. Daedalus, 96(1), 1–21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20027022 [Chapter 30]
Bem, D. J. (2011). Feeling the future: Experimental evidence for anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(3), 407–425. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021524 [Chapter 5]
Bird, F., & Reimer, B. (1982). Participation rates in new religious and para-religious movements. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 21(1), 1–14. (Available via JSTOR.) [Chapter 29]
Bloom, P. (2016). Against empathy: The case for rational compassion. Ecco. [Chapter 18]
Boyer, P. (2001). Religion explained: The evolutionary origins of religious thought. Basic Books. [Chapter 10]
Broockman, D. E., & Kalla, J. L. (2016). Durably reducing transphobia: A field experiment on door-to-door canvassing. Science, 352(6282), 220–224. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad9713 [Chapter 20]
Burkert, W. (1983). Homo necans: The anthropology of ancient Greek sacrificial ritual and myth (P. Bing, Trans.). University of California Press. (Original work published 1972) [Chapter 16]
Butlin, P., Long, R., Elmoznino, E., Bengio, Y., Birch, J., Constant, A., Deane, G., Fleming, S. M., Frith, C., Ji, X., Kanai, R., Klein, C., Lindsay, G., Michel, M., Mudrik, L., Peters, M. A. K., Schwitzgebel, E., Simon, J., & VanRullen, R. (2023). Consciousness in artificial intelligence: Insights from the science of consciousness. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.08708 [Chapter 27]
Calin-Jageman, R. J., & Caldwell, T. L. (2014). Replication of the superstition and performance study by Damisch, Stoberock, and Mussweiler (2010). Social Psychology, 45(3), 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000190 [Chapter 15]
Campbell, J. (1972). Myths to live by. Viking Press. [Chapter 10]
Campbell, J., & Moyers, B. (1988). The power of myth (B. S. Flowers, Ed.). Doubleday. [Chapter 10]
Chaisson, E., & McMillan, S. (2017). Astronomy today (9th ed.). Pearson. [Chapter 10]
Chalmers, D. J. (1995). Facing up to the problem of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2(3), 200—219. http://consc.net/papers/facing.html [Chapter 27]
Chalmers, D. J. (1996). The conscious mind: In search of a fundamental theory. Oxford University Press. [Chapter 27]
Chalmers, D. J. (2023). Could a large language model be conscious? arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.07103 [Chapter 27]
Chambers, W. V., Langone, M. D., Dole, A. A., & Grice, J. W. (1994). The Group Psychological Abuse Scale: A measure of the varieties of cultic abuse. Cultic Studies Journal, 11(1), 88–112. [Chapter 29]
Choi, J.-K., & Bowles, S. (2007). The coevolution of parochial altruism and war. Science, 318(5850), 636–640. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1144237 [Chapters 16, 30]
Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2009). Connected: The surprising power of our social networks and how they shape our lives. Little, Brown. [Chapter 28]
Chwe, M. S.-Y. (2001). Rational ritual: Culture, coordination, and common knowledge. Princeton University Press. [Chapter 28]
Clark, C. (Host). (2017). The story of Europe [TV series]. ZDF. https://www.zdf-studios.com/en/program-catalog/international/unscripted/history-biographies/story-europe [Chapter 9]
Coates, D. D. (2010). Post-involvement difficulties experienced by former members of charismatic groups. Journal of Religion and Health, 49(3), 296–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-009-9251-0 [Chapter 29]
Cohn, N. (1970). The pursuit of the millennium: Revolutionary millenarians and mystical anarchists of the Middle Ages(Rev. ed.). Oxford University Press. [Chapter 23]
Constantino, M. J., Vîslă, A., Coyne, A. E., & Boswell, J. F. (2018). A meta-analysis of the association between patients' early treatment outcome expectation and their posttreatment outcomes. Psychotherapy, 55(4), 473–485. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000169 [Chapter 12]
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row. [Chapters 2, 3]
Curry, O. S., Mullins, D. A., & Whitehouse, H. (2019). Is it good to cooperate? Testing the theory of morality-as-cooperation in 60 societies. Current Anthropology, 60(1), 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1086/701478 [Chapter 7]
Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Drinkwater, K., Parker, A., & Clough, P. (2016). Toward a better understanding of the relationship between belief in the paranormal and statistical bias: The potential role of schizotypy. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1045. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01045 [Chapter 11]
Dawkins, R. (1976). The selfish gene. Oxford University Press. [Chapters 10, 11]
Dawkins, R. (2004). The ancestor's tale: A pilgrimage to the dawn of life. Houghton Mifflin. [Chapter 10]
Dawkins, R. (2006). The God delusion. Bantam Press. [Chapter 10]
Dawson, L. L. (1999). When prophecy fails and faith persists: A theoretical overview. Nova Religio, 3(1), 60–82. https://gwern.net/doc/sociology/1999-dawson.pdf [Chapter 29]
de Waal, F. B. M. (2006). Primates and philosophers: How morality evolved (S. Macedo & J. Ober, Eds.). Princeton University Press. [Chapter 7]
Durkheim, É. (1995). The elementary forms of religious life (K. E. Fields, Trans.). Free Press. (Original work published 1912) [Chapter 30]
Ehrenreich, B. (2009). Bright-sided: How the relentless promotion of positive thinking has undermined America. Metropolitan Books. [Chapter 8]
Ehrman, B. D. (2005). Misquoting Jesus: The story behind who changed the Bible and why. HarperSanFrancisco. [Chapter 10]
Einstein, A. (1947, October). Open letter to the General Assembly of the United Nations. [Chapter 30]
Eisenhower, D. D. (1953, April 16). The chance for peace [Address before the American Society of Newspaper Editors]. Washington, DC. https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-the-chance-for-peace-delivered-before-the-american-society-newspaper-editors [Chapter 30]
El-Hai, J. (2005). The lobotomist: A maverick medical genius and his tragic quest to rid the world of mental illness. John Wiley & Sons. [Chapter 4]
Elman, B. A. (2000). A cultural history of civil examinations in late imperial China. University of California Press. [Chapter 13]
Faisal, A. A., Selen, L. P. J., & Wolpert, D. M. (2008). Noise in the nervous system. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(4), 292—303. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2258 [Chapter 27]
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press. [Chapter 14]
Festinger, L., Riecken, H. W., & Schachter, S. (1956). When prophecy fails: A social and psychological study of a modern group that predicted the destruction of the world. University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/10030-000 [Chapters 4, 23, 29]
Finkelstein, I., & Silberman, N. A. (2001). The Bible unearthed: Archaeology's new vision of ancient Israel and the origin of its sacred texts. Free Press. [Chapter 10]
Forer, B. R. (1949). The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44(1), 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0059240 [Chapter 5]
Foucault, M. (2007). Security, territory, population: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977–1978 (M. Senellart, Ed.; G. Burchell, Trans.). Palgrave Macmillan. (Original lectures delivered 1978) [Chapter 17]
Frank, J. D., & Frank, J. B. (1991). Persuasion and healing: A comparative study of psychotherapy (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. [Chapters 5, Conclusion]
Franze, K., Grosche, J., Skatchkov, S. N., Schinkinger, S., Foja, C., Schild, D., Uckermann, O., Travis, K., Reichenbach, A., & Guck, J. (2007). Müller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(20), 8287–8292. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0611180104 [Chapter 11]
Friedman, R. E. (1987). Who wrote the Bible? Summit Books. [Chapter 10]
Galanter, M. (1990). Cults and zealous self-help movements: A psychiatric perspective. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147(5), 543–551. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.147.5.543 [Chapter 29]
Galanter, M., Rabkin, R., Rabkin, J. G., & Deutsch, A. (1979). The "Moonies": A psychological study of conversion and membership in a contemporary religious sect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136(2), 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.136.2.165 [Chapter 29]
Gebauer, J. E., Sedikides, C., Verplanken, B., & Maio, G. R. (2012). Communal narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(5), 854–878. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029629 [Chapter 26]
Girard, R. (1977). Violence and the sacred (P. Gregory, Trans.). Johns Hopkins University Press. (Original work published 1972) [Chapter 16]
Goff, P. (2019). Galileo's error: Foundations for a new science of consciousness. Pantheon Books. [Chapter 27]
Goodman, F. D. (1972). Speaking in tongues: A cross-cultural study of glossolalia. University of Chicago Press. [Chapter 25]
Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 1029–1046. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015141 [Chapter 11]
Grant, E. (1996). The foundations of modern science in the Middle Ages: Their religious, institutional, and intellectual contexts. Cambridge University Press. [Chapter 13]
Grant, P. R., & Grant, B. R. (2014). 40 years of evolution: Darwin's finches on Daphne Major Island.Princeton University Press. [Chapter 11]
Gross, D., & Schäfer, G. (2011). Egas Moniz (1874–1955) and the "invention" of modern psychosurgery: A historical and ethical reanalysis under special consideration of Portuguese original sources. Neurosurgical Focus, 30(2), E8. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.10.FOCUS10214 [Chapter 4]
Grubbs, J. B., Warmke, B., Tosi, J., James, A. S., & Campbell, W. K. (2019). Moral grandstanding in public discourse: Status-seeking motives as a potential explanatory mechanism in predicting conflict. PLOS ONE, 14(10), e0223749. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223749 [Chapter 26]
Guthrie, S. E. (1993). Faces in the clouds: A new theory of religion. Oxford University Press. [Chapter 15]
Gómez, Á., Martínez, M., Martel, F. A., López-Rodríguez, L., Vázquez, A., Chinchilla, J., Paredes, B., Hettiarachchi, M., Hamid, N., & Swann, W. B. (2021). Why people enter and embrace violent groups. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 614657. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.614657 [Chapter 29]
Hadding, C., Semb, O., Lehti, A., Fahlström, M., Sandlund, M., & DeMarinis, V. (2023). Being in-between; exploring former cult members' experiences of an acculturation process using the cultural formulation interview (DSM-5). Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, Article 1142189. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1142189 [Chapter 29]
Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814–834. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814 [Chapter 7]
Hall, D. L., Matz, D. C., & Wood, W. (2010). Why don't we practice what we preach? A meta-analytic review of religious racism. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14(1), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309352179 [Chapter 1]
Hamid, N., Pretus, C., Atran, S., Crockett, M. J., Ginges, J., Sheikh, H., Tobeña, A., Carmona, S., Gómez, A., Davis, R., & Vilarroya, O. (2019). Neuroimaging 'will to fight' for sacred values: An empirical case study with supporters of an Al Qaeda associate. Royal Society Open Science, 6(6), 181585. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181585 [Chapter 3]
Hamilton, W. D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4 [Chapter 16]
Hamlin, J. K., Wynn, K., & Bloom, P. (2007). Social evaluation by preverbal infants. Nature, 450(7169), 557–559. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06288 [Chapter 15]
Hart, D. B. (2019). That all shall be saved: Heaven, hell, and universal salvation. Yale University Press. [Chapter 22]
Hawking, S. (Writer & Host). (2010). Into the universe with Stephen Hawking [TV series]. Darlow Smithson Productions. https://www.discovery.com/shows/into-the-universe-with-stephen-hawking [Chapter 9]
Hay, L. L. (1984). You can heal your life. Hay House. [Chapter 8]
Heidel, A. (1949). The Gilgamesh epic and Old Testament parallels (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press. [Chapter 4]
Heider, F., & Simmel, M. (1944). An experimental study of apparent behavior. The American Journal of Psychology, 57(2), 243–259. https://doi.org/10.2307/1416950 [Chapter 15]
Hobson, J. A., & McCarley, R. W. (1977). The brain as a dream state generator: An activation-synthesis hypothesis of the dream process. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134(12), 1335–1348. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.134.12.1335 [Chapter 5]
Hyman, R. (1977). “Cold reading”: How to convince strangers that you know all about them. The Zetetic (now the Skeptical Inquirer), 1(2), 18–37. [Chapter 8]
Hájek, A. (2022). Pascal's wager. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2022 ed.). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal-wager/ [Chapter 22]
Iannaccone, L. R. (1992). Sacrifice and stigma: Reducing free-riding in cults, communes, and other collectives. Journal of Political Economy, 100(2), 271–291. https://doi.org/10.1086/261818 [Chapter 29]
Institute for Economics and Peace. (2025). Global Peace Index 2025: Measuring peace in a complex world. https://www.economicsandpeace.org [Chapter 30]
Inzlicht, M., McGregor, I., Hirsh, J. B., & Nash, K. (2009). Neural markers of religious conviction. Psychological Science, 20(3), 385–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02305.x [Chapter 3]
Irons, W. (2001). Religion as a hard-to-fake sign of commitment. In R. M. Nesse (Ed.), Evolution and the capacity for commitment. Russell Sage Foundation. [Chapter 24]
James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology (Vol. 1). Henry Holt and Company. https://psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/Principles/prin6.htm [Chapter 27]
James, W. (1902). The varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature. Longmans, Green. [Chapter 10]
James, W. (1956). The will to believe. In The will to believe and other essays in popular philosophy. Dover. (Original work published 1896) [Chapter 22]
Johnson, S. B., Park, H. S., Gross, C. P., & Yu, J. B. (2018). Complementary medicine, refusal of conventional cancer therapy, and survival among patients with curable cancers. JAMA Oncology, 4(10), 1375–1381. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.2487 [Chapter 12]
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. [Chapter 10]
Kaptchuk, T. J., & Miller, F. G. (2015). Placebo effects in medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(1), 8–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1504023 [Chapter 6]
Kapur, S. (2003). Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: A framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.13 [Chapter 15]
Kent, S. A. (2002). Deprogramming, exit counseling, and the decline of deprogramming. Cultic Studies Review, 1(3). [Chapter 29]
Kirkpatrick, L. A. (2005). Attachment, evolution, and the psychology of religion. Guilford Press. [Chapter 19]
Koch, C. (2019). The feeling of life itself: Why consciousness is widespread but can't be computed. MIT Press. [Chapter 27]
Koenig, L. B., McGue, M., Krueger, R. F., & Bouchard, T. J., Jr. (2005). Genetic and environmental influences on religiousness: Findings for retrospective and current religiousness ratings. Journal of Personality, 73(2), 471–488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00316.x [Chapter 11]
Kohlberg, L. (1981). Essays on moral development, Vol. 1: The philosophy of moral development. Harper & Row. [Chapter 7]
Krummenacher, P., Mohr, C., Haker, H., & Brugger, P. (2010). Dopamine, paranormal belief, and the detection of meaningful stimuli. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(8), 1670–1681. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21313 [Chapter 15]
Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press. [Chapter 4]
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Suleski, M., & Hedges, S. B. (2017). TimeTree: A resource for timelines, timetrees, and divergence times. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 34(7), 1812–1819. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx116 [Chapter 11]
Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108(3), 480–498. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.480 [Chapter 1]
Kurzban, R., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2001). Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(26), 15387–15392. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.251541498 [Chapter 16]
Kvanvig, J. L. (1993). The problem of hell. Oxford University Press. [Chapter 22]
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press. [Chapter 18]
Lalich, J. (2004). Bounded choice: True believers and charismatic cults. University of California Press. [Chapter 29]
Lambert, N., Chen, Y.-N., Cheng, Y.-C., Li, C.-M., Chen, G.-Y., & Nori, F. (2013). Quantum biology. Nature Physics, 9(1), 10—18. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys2474 [Chapter 27]
Langone, M. D. (1986). Cultism and American culture. Cultic Studies Journal, 3(2). https://articles1.icsahome.com/articles/cultism-and-american-culture-langone-csj-3-2-1986 [Chapter 29]
Levack, B. P. (2016). The witch-hunt in early modern Europe(4th ed.). Routledge. [Chapter 15]
Lewis Center for Church Leadership. (2024). Twenty-five percent of churches disaffiliated from the United Methodist Church. Wesley Theological Seminary. https://www.churchleadership.com/leading-ideas/twenty-five-percent-of-churches-disaffiliated-from-the-united-methodist-church/ [Chapter 11]
Lewis, C. S. (1946). The great divorce. Geoffrey Bles. [Chapter 22]
Lifton, R. J. (1961). Thought reform and the psychology of totalism: A study of "brainwashing" in China. W. W. Norton. [Chapter 29]
Lim, C., & Putnam, R. D. (2010). Religion, social networks, and life satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 914–933. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122410386686 [Chapters 1, 3, Conclusion]
Linney, Y. M., Murray, R. M., Peters, E. R., MacDonald, A. M., Rijsdijk, F., & Sham, P. C. (2003). A quantitative genetic analysis of schizotypal personality traits. Psychological Medicine, 33(5), 803–816. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291703007906 [Chapter 11]
Lofland, J., & Stark, R. (1965). Becoming a world-saver: A theory of conversion to a deviant perspective. American Sociological Review, 30(6), 862–875. https://doi.org/10.2307/2090965 [Chapter 29]
Lucca, K., Yuen, F., & the ManyBabies4 Consortium. (2025). Infants' social evaluation of helpers and hinderers: A large-scale, multi-lab, coordinated replication study. Developmental Science, 28(1), e13581. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13581 [Chapter 15]
Luhrmann, T. M. (2012). When God talks back: Understanding the American evangelical relationship with God. Alfred A. Knopf. [Chapter 10]
Mahler, M. S., Pine, F., & Bergman, A. (1975). The psychological birth of the human infant: Symbiosis and individuation.Basic Books. [Chapter 19]
Makdisi, G. (1981). The rise of colleges: Institutions of learning in Islam and the West. Edinburgh University Press. [Chapter 13]
Mangel, M., & Samaniego, F. J. (1984). Abraham Wald's work on aircraft survivability. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 79(386), 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1984.10478038 [Chapter 13]
Merton, R. K. (1973). The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations (N. W. Storer, Ed.). University of Chicago Press. [Chapter 4]
Metzger, B. M., & Ehrman, B. D. (2005). The text of the New Testament: Its transmission, corruption, and restoration (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. [Chapter 7]
Miller, C. H., & Hedges, D. W. (2008). Scrupulosity disorder: An overview and introductory analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(6), 1042–1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.11.004 [Chapter 26]
Miller, G. (2009). Spent: Sex, evolution, and consumer behavior. Viking. [Chapter 10]
Miller, G. F. (2000). The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. Doubleday. [Chapter 11]
Nagel, T. (1974). What is it like to be a bat? The Philosophical Review, 83(4), 435—450. https://doi.org/10.2307/2183914 [Chapter 27]
Neeson, L. (Narrator). (2001). Evolution [TV series]. WGBH/NOVA; Clear Blue Sky Productions. [Chapter 9]
Newberg, A. B., Wintering, N. A., Morgan, D., & Waldman, M. R. (2006). The measurement of regional cerebral blood flow during glossolalia: A preliminary SPECT study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 148(1), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.07.001 [Chapter 25]
Newberg, A., & d'Aquili, E. (2001). Why God won't go away: Brain science and the biology of belief. Ballantine Books. [Chapter 2]
Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175 [Chapter 1]
Nietzsche, F. (1967). On the genealogy of morals (W. Kaufmann & R. J. Hollingdale, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work published 1887) [Chapter 17]
Noll, M. A. (2006). The civil war as a theological crisis. University of North Carolina Press. [Chapter 7]
Norenzayan, A. (2013). Big Gods: How religion transformed cooperation and conflict. Princeton University Press. [Chapters 1, 4, 10]
Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2004). Sacred and secular: Religion and politics worldwide. Cambridge University Press. [Chapters 18, Conclusion]
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2021). Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism. United Nations. https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/ie-albinism [Chapter 15]
Orton, N. C., Innes, A. M., Chudley, A. E., & Bech-Hansen, N. T. (2008). Unique disease heritage of the Dutch-German Mennonite population. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 146A, 1072–1087. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18348259 [Chapter 2]
Orwell, G. (1945). Notes on nationalism. Polemic, 1. [Chapter 30]
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Pinker, S., Nowak, M. A., & Lee, J. J. (2008). The logic of indirect speech. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(3), 833–838. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707192105 [Chapter 28]
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Rosindell, J., & Harmon, L. J. (2012). OneZoom: A fractal explorer for the tree of life. PLoS Biology, 10(10), e1001406. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001406 [Chapter 11]
Rowland, I. D. (2008). Giordano Bruno: Philosopher/heretic. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. [Chapter 13]
Russell, B. (1957). Why I am not a Christian and other essays on religion and related subjects (P. Edwards, Ed.). Simon & Schuster. [Chapter 10]
Russell, B. (1997). Is there a God? In J. G. Slater & P. Köllner (Eds.), The collected papers of Bertrand Russell: Vol. 11. Last philosophical testament, 1943–68. Routledge. (Original work written 1952) [Chapter 22]
Sagan, C. (Host). (1980). Cosmos: A personal voyage [TV series]. PBS. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos:_A_Personal_Voyage [Chapter 9]
Saldaña, O., Rodríguez-Carballeira, Á., Almendros, C., & Escartín, J. (2017). Development and validation of the Psychological Abuse Experienced in Groups Scale. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 9(2), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpal.2017.01.002 [Chapter 29]
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Shermer, M. (2002). Why people believe weird things: Pseudoscience, superstition, and other confusions of our time (Rev. and expanded ed.). Henry Holt. [Chapter 8]
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Smith, K. B., Alford, J. R., Hibbing, J. R., Martin, N. G., & Hatemi, P. K. (2017). Intuitive ethics and political orientations: Testing moral foundations as a theory of political ideology. American Journal of Political Science, 61(2), 424–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12255 [Chapter 11]
Smith, M. S. (2002). The early history of God: Yahweh and the other deities in ancient Israel (2nd ed.). Eerdmans. (Original work published 1990) [Chapter 10]
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Sosis, R., & Alcorta, C. (2003). Signaling, solidarity, and the sacred: The evolution of religious behavior. Evolutionary Anthropology, 12(6), 264–274. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.10120 [Chapters 1, 2, 16, 24]
Sosis, R., & Bressler, E. R. (2003). Cooperation and commune longevity: A test of the costly signaling theory of religion. Cross-Cultural Research, 37(2), 211–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397103037002003 [Chapters 1, 24, 29]
Spanos, N. P., & Hewitt, E. C. (1979). Glossolalia: A test of the "trance" and psychopathology hypotheses. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88(4), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.88.4.427 [Chapter 25]
Spanos, N. P., Cross, W. P., Lepage, M., & Coristine, M. (1986). Glossolalia as learned behavior: An experimental demonstration. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 21–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.95.1.21 [Chapter 25]
Stark, R., & Bainbridge, W. S. (1980). Networks of faith: Interpersonal bonds and recruitment to cults and sects. American Journal of Sociology, 85(6), 1376–1395. https://doi.org/10.1086/227169 [Chapter 29]
Stewart, I. (Host). (2007). Earth: The power of the planet [TV series]. BBC. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth:_The_Power_of_the_Planet [Chapter 9]
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Tegmark, M. (2000). Importance of quantum decoherence in brain processes. Physical Review E, 61(4), 4194—4206. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.61.4194 [Chapter 27]
Tellegen, A., & Atkinson, G. (1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences ("absorption"), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83(3), 268–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036681 [Chapter 15]
Three preregistered, independent attempts to reproduce the central precognition result reported by Bem (2011); all failed to find the effect (combined n = 150; combined p = .83, one-tailed). Frequently cited as an illustration of scientific self-correction and of the importance of replication before striking anomalous findings are accepted. [Chapter 5]
Tolin, D. F. (2010). Is cognitive-behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(6), 710–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.003 [Chapter 5]
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Tyson, N. deG. (Host). (2014). Cosmos: A spacetime odyssey [TV series]. Fox; National Geographic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmos:_A_Spacetime_Odyssey [Chapter 9]
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2023, February 21). SEC charges The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and its investment management company for disclosure failures and misstated filings(Press Release 2023-35). https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2023-35 [Chapter 14]
Ungerleider, J. T., & Wellisch, D. K. (1979). Coercive persuasion (brainwashing), religious cults, and deprogramming. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136(3), 279–282. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.136.3.279 [Chapter 29]
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Ward, C., & Voas, D. (2011). The emergence of conspirituality. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 26(1), 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537903.2011.539846 [Chapter 12]
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Zimmer, C. (2018). She has her mother's laugh: The powers, perversions, and potential of heredity. Dutton. [Chapter 10]
Zuckerman, M., Silberman, J., & Hall, J. A. (2013). The relation between intelligence and religiosity: A meta-analysis and some proposed explanations. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 17(4), 325–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868313497266 [Chapter 11]
A note on primary, scriptural, and historical sources
Chapter 20 — A note on scriptural references: Matthew 7:21–23 and Matthew 23:13–20 record Jesus's denunciations of hypocritical and self-aggrandizing piety; Deuteronomy 21:18–21 sets out the law of the "stubborn and rebellious son." On the rabbinic neutralisation of the latter, see the Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 71a, which declares that the case "never happened and never will happen," and was given only "that you may expound it and receive reward."
Chapter 22 — A note on scriptural and primary references, handled as sources rather than formal citations: the impulse to stand with the condemned appears in Exodus 32:32, where Moses asks to be blotted out of God's book rather than see his people destroyed, and in Romans 9:3, where Paul wishes himself "accursed and cut off from Christ" for the sake of his kindred; the parallel Buddhist ideal is the bodhisattva vow of Mahāyāna tradition—exemplified by Kṣitigarbha—to forgo final liberation until the hells themselves are emptied.
Chapter 24 — A note on scriptural references, handled as sources rather than formal citations: the parable of the good Samaritan is Luke 10:25–37; "neither Jew nor Greek" is Galatians 3:28; and "I desire mercy, and not sacrifice" is Hosea 6:6, quoted by Jesus in Matthew 9:13 and 12:7—each an instance of a tradition's own texts pressing against the tribal use of its rules.
Chapter 25 — A note on scriptural sources, handled as primary references rather than formal citations: the New Testament contains two distinct phenomena often conflated under "tongues"—the Pentecost narrative of Acts 2:1–13, in which the apostles are understood by speakers of many foreign languages (closer to xenoglossy), and Paul's discussion in 1 Corinthians 12–14, in which the utterance is ecstatic and requires interpretation. It is the latter strand that corresponds to modern glossolalia. Paul's restrictions on public tongues-speaking are at 1 Corinthians 14:5, 14:18–19, 14:23, and 14:27–28.
Chapter 26 — A note on scriptural and rabbinic references, handled as primary sources rather than formal citations: the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector is Luke 18:9–14; the wider Gospel critique of performing piety "to be seen by others" runs through Matthew 6:1–6 and Matthew 23. The rabbinic satire of the seven types of Pharisee, and the dispute over whether the Pharisee "from love" and the Pharisee "from fear" belong on the list at all, is at Babylonian Talmud, Sotah 22b.
Chapter 27 — A note on primary and historical sources, handled as references rather than formal citations: the claim that one's own consciousness is the single thing immune to doubt is from René Descartes'sMeditations on First Philosophy (1641); his doctrine that animals are automata is set out in the Discourse on the Method, Part V (1637). The identification of God with nature—Deus sive Natura—runs through Baruch Spinoza's Ethics (1677). Einstein's profession of belief in the God of Spinoza, who reveals himself in the lawful harmony of what exists rather than in the fates of human beings, was made in a 1929 reply to a New York rabbi. The Persons Case is Edwards v. Attorney-General for Canada, [1930] A.C. 124, decided by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on 18 October 1929; Lord Sankey's phrase quoted here—"a relic of days more barbarous than ours"—is from the judgment itself. By a pleasing coincidence, 1929 is also the year of Einstein's telegram. The grant of "dominion" over every living thing is Genesis 1:26—28; the counterpoised image of tending and keeping the garden is Genesis 2:15. William James's continuity argument, quoted in the text, is from The Principles of Psychology, Vol. 1, Chapter VI (1890). The two scenes recalled from the filmMan of Steel (2013, directed by Zack Snyder, written by David S. Goyer) are the bonding of the Kryptonian Codex—the genetic registry of the race—into the infant Kal-El in the prologue, with the quoted line spoken by the scientist Jax-Ur, and the schoolroom sequence in which the nine-year-old Clark is overwhelmed by his senses.
Chapter 28 — A note on sources, handled as references rather than formal citations: the concept of common knowledge was given its modern philosophical form by David Lewis in Convention (1969) and analyzed in game theory by Thomas Schelling and Robert Aumann; The Emperor's New Clothes is Hans Christian Andersen's tale of 1837.
Conclusion — A note on sources, handled as references rather than formal citations: the Barmen Declaration (1934) was the founding confession of the Confessing Church's resistance to the Nazi-aligned "German Christians," drafted principally by Karl Barth; Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Martin Niemöller were among its movement's best-known voices.
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