The norm in mental health practice has wisely been to stay out of politics for the most part, except when it comes to mental health advocacy.
It would obviously be problematic if individual mental health experts (such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurses, etc.) or groups representing professionals (such as specialist associations, editorial boards from journals, etc.) were to endorse or criticize political figures, with a goal to influence elections.
But sometimes there needs to be an exception to this neutral policy.
Mental health professionals have a great deal of experience recognizing and dealing with individuals who have behavioural and relational problems such as narcissistic and antisocial personality. And the most valuable experience mental health professionals bring to this issue is work with patients whose partner, spouse, close friend, parent, boss, or other family member has narcissistic or antisocial traits.
Narcissistic personality traits or disorder include selfishness, self-absorption, boastfulness, need for admiration, arrogance, exploiting others, and lacking empathy. Antisocial traits or disorder include disregard for others, frequent lying, impulsiveness and poor self-control, aggressiveness, lack of remorse, and criminal behaviours. While we should always have an attitude of attempting to help people with these traits, it is first necessary to ensure that people with these problems are not in a position to harm others. It is especially dangerous when a person in authority, such as a parent, boss, or political leader, has moderate or severe traits of this type. In some ways it is comparable to allowing a small child who has behaviour problems access to a piece of dangerous machinery or weapons.
If a patient is in a close relationship with someone having narcissistic or antisocial traits, there can be many reasons why the patient has a hard time escaping the relationship. The relationship may be all they have known for many years. The relationship may initially have been exciting, passionate, and positive, perhaps an escape from some other adversity, before the narcissistic and antisocial problems showed themselves. Other people in the patient's life, including important figures such as family or church leaders, may insist or encourage that they stay. The patient may not recognize or frame the problems in the relationship as abuse, and may instead normalize the behaviours they suffer or which they observe. Others may be trapped in relationships of this type for economic reasons. They may fear leaving, due to concerns not only about risk of violence, but also of social or economic isolation. Others may experience periods of being cared for at times by their narcissistic or antisocial partner, and/or cared for by the social network which supports this relationship, despite the overall toxicity of the situation.
Sometimes people with antisocial personality lie so often to the people around them, that everyone starts to believe the lies are actually truth, through sheer repetition.
These factors are similar to the cognitive biases I have described in other posts -- interpersonal or group affiliations can be so strong that they keep people locked into certain choices or behaviours due to group or "status quo" loyalty, even when the experiences they are having are very harmful to themselves and others. In such entrenched situations, people will selectively attend to data that supports the status quo, and reflexively reject information that encourages change, even if there is a very strong and compelling level of evidence.
At present, there are important choices in global elections coming up, and a shocking proportion of people appear willing to vote for a person whose behaviour is laden with very serious and dangerous problems. Not only are there severe narcissistic traits, shocking mean-spiritedness, and vitriolic, hateful, divisive language evident on an almost daily basis for many years, there are frank antisocial traits including criminal behaviour in multiple domains, as well as other very troubling features including an obvious lack of intellectual skills, fund of knowledge, interpersonal warmth, humour (except for mockery), patience, balanced capacity for judgment, or intellectual curiosity. There is often frank thought form disorder evident during orations. Furthermore, there will be a team of other people supporting or working with this person who share similar traits, behaviours, and attitudes, in an ever more exaggerated way compared to 5-10 years ago.
Other problems in this case include a lack of fundamental cognitive or intellectual skills, a lack of emotional self-regulation, and a lack of principles that might guide wise, effective, or compassionate decision-making. Instead, I suspect that this person's decisions would often be guided by vindictiveness and attempted self-aggrandizement rather than the good of the country or the world. Attachment to policies supported by particular groups, such as church groups, would only be used as a tool to advance himself. Some individuals with narcissistic or antisocial personality can suppress or hide the narcissistic behaviours quite well, and therefore sneak into positions of power before others have a chance to detect the problems. But in this case, there is a frank display of narcissism almost every time the person speaks, and perhaps a lack of insight or care about it. Most disappointing and shocking to me is that there is such a large segment of the population that laps this awful behaviour up, makes excuses for it, minimizes it, or disregards it as unimportant.
It would be quite straightforward to evaluate this person's intellectual capacity. He is a person who boasted about passing a dementia-screening test as though he thought it was a measure of intelligence. A simple high-school level fund of knowledge test would be interesting, even to identify places on a map of the U.S. or of the world (such as "where is Poland?" or "where is Nebraska"), or to say a little bit about the cultures or histories of different U.S. states or cities or different countries in the world. A short quiz about how the economy works, or about even the most basic science (such as "what is gravity" or "what is electricity" or "what is the air made of") would be quite revealing. A standarized situational judgment test, such as the Casper, often a requirement for applicants to professions requiring interaction with people as part of the work, would be really interesting in this case. My prediction about these things is that the person in question would score a shockingly low percentile on all of these things, and if this was publicized he would as usual surely blame this somehow on the testing being unfair or stacked against him or a product of "cheating" etc.
Another frequent egregious and alarming behaviour in this case is something I've described before: projection. A rhetorical tactic almost always is to use extreme language to denounce other people, or accuse them of some horrible thing, lying all the way through, yet very often the very things he is accusing others of are obvious features of his own behaviour, character, and history.
It is especially shocking that certain groups whose personal and group culture is devoted to devout faith, moral purity, law & order, and personal freedom, would double down in their support for this person whose behaviour is in extreme contradiction to these values. In many religious stories or scriptures, a recurring theme has to do with people of faith being misled or enamored by dark forces--there are many stories where the faithful have lost their way, figuratively or literally, but without having insight or the willingness to change until a lot of harm had been done. These texts encourage people to humbly reflect and be willing to refocus themselves on their values. In this case, I think many people including those with strong, honourable moral values and faith, have very much lost their way in their support of a dangerously unfit leader who is poised to do great harm to their country and the world, in service to himself.
Of course, it is true that unless a detailed assessment were to be done, we could not have the confidence to make a formal psychiatric diagnosis. But in the realm of narcissism and antisocial personality, most of the actual evidence for such diagnoses comes from collateral information of the patient's behaviour. In an actual interview, particularly a single individual interview, many people with problems of this type can present themselves in a seemingly normal way (though in this particular case I think there would be many simple ways in an interview to demonstrate some of the problems unequivocally, especially intellectual weaknesses and almost cartoon-like unsuppressed narcissism).
In any case, this situation reminds me of trying to help a patient (i.e. a large segment of the public) who is in a dangerously abusive relationship with a partner, yet who insists on staying and who might get angry or upset at the suggestion that they could or should think about leaving. The "patient" in this case is a group numbering 40% or more of the population in certain areas.
The role of a mental health professional with a "patient" of this type would involve compassionate and empathic exploration of the history, help with treating symptoms of pain or suffering, but also there would need to be movement towards encouraging change or leaving the relationship, warning about the risks of staying, but with a message of hope for a better, happier, more prosperous, more peaceful future after leaving. Here, a motivational interviewing framework would be needed, since simply encouraging or pushing for change could be very counterproductive if the person does not desire this. Other ideas for helping include tactics similar to what is described in David McRaney's book "How Minds Change." (see my post about this book).
One of the most compelling agents of change or healthy persuasion in this case is to emphasize the role of ingroup members who are speaking out. In this case, there are many examples. When an ingroup member speaks out, people are less likely to dismiss the concerns as simply being the product of political opponents.
Another role of mental health professionals could be to discuss the issue of narcissism, antisocial behaviour, and abusive relationships in a public setting, as an educational endeavour to help people recognize and avoid such relationships in the first place, to be informed about how to get out of such a relationship safely, and to be in a position to help others.
I have felt that the mental health community has not spoken out appropriately about the current public figure issue I have been alluding to. I understand the principles behind the reserve, i.e. staying neutral in politics, but this is such an intensely important issue impacting individual and public well-being that something needs to be said about it. Also, professionals, professional organizations, and editorial boards from journals need not spell out specific opinions about a particular case or a particular person, rather they could simply speak out about recognizing narcissism, antisocial behaviour, entrenched attachment to abusive relationships, the extreme dangers to well-being involved with such situations, the psychological factors preventing change, and things we can all do about it, without spelling out any particular individuals.
I wish there could be psychiatric journals for the month of October where the issue would be devoted to a review of the research and current state of knowledge about recognizing and dealing with narcissistic and antisocial personality traits in relationships with loved ones, bosses, or community leaders. In the absence of this, I at least encourage people to explore the issue themselves at a library or online.
Links:
Garth Kroeker: How Minds Change by David McRaney: a book review and discussion
No comments:
Post a Comment